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Are breast and prostate cancers wildly overdiagnosed? Is it becoming a crass industry rather than honest medical science?
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Stage is usually expressed as a number on a scale of 0 through IV — with stage 0 describing non-invasive cancers that remain within their original location and stage IV describing invasive cancers that have spread outside the breast to other parts of the body. Stage 0 Stage I Stage II Stage III ....
Receptors are proteins in or on cells that can attach to certain substances in the blood. Normal breast cells and some breast cancer cells have receptors that attach to the hormones estrogen and progesterone, and depend on these hormones to grow. The breast tissue estrogen receptor is both genetic ....
Deepak Kumar
It depends on the country. Overdiagnosis relates to the finding of a cancer that doesn’t act in a life-limiting way. Since the beginning of mammography and PSA eras we have diagnosed a lot of such disease.Mammography has not changed the percentage of women who have metastatic disease, rather it has increased the diagnosis of breast cancer enormously with many, many of these not a threat to life.With respect to PSA screening it’s not clear at all whether it saves lives, either. But such screening increases the number of patients diagnosed and treated for non-disease.But the problem is that up to now we haven’t been able to distinguish disease from non-disease very well so we treat people to be sure. But we’re entering into the era of personalised medicine.
Recently an excellent paper was published showing the size of a breast tumour does not signal malignant behaviour nearly as much as its genetic makeup.