Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has generated significant attention and scrutiny in recent years, with the FDA reviewing its classification as a dietary supplement. However, many manufacturers persist in promoting NMN, emphasising its potential anti-ageing attributes. Nevertheless, it is crucial to exercise prudence when considering NMN supplementation due to the limited availability of clinical studies attesting to its efficacy in humans. This article assesses NMN, exploring its possible advantages, adverse effects and suggested dosages.
What is NMM?
NMN is a natural molecule falling within the class of bioactive nucleotides, functioning as a forerunner to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - an essential coenzyme involved in various biological processes - including those related to the ageing process and the expression of genes. NAD+ assumes a pivotal role in the transformation of the nutrients we ingest into cellular energy while concurrently aiding in the mending of DNA and safeguarding cellular integrity.
Scientific investigations have demonstrated a decline in NAD+ levels with advancing age, leading to disruptions in tissue functionality and an imbalance between energy production and expenditure. To counteract this downward trend, physical activity emerges as a natural method for elevating NAD+ levels. Exercise serves as a stimulus for the augmentation of NAMPT production - a pivotal contributor to NAD+ synthesis - thereby fostering increased NAD+ concentrations. The Australian-American Biologist David Sinclair recommends NMN and ingests the product himself, believing it mitigates the possibility of cognitive disease while slowing aging processes.
The potential benefits of NMN
Although research on the potential benefits of NMN is in its infancy, preliminary findings suggest that NMN may support healthy ageing. However, it is critical to acknowledge that most studies on NMN are currently limited to in vitro and animal experiments; to validate its efficacy as a dietary supplement for humans, more extensive clinical trials are required.
NAD+ plays a significant role in numerous vital cellular processes, encompassing DNA mending, regulation of biological clocks, management of energy metabolism, control of inflammation and enhancement of stress resilience. In the realm of commercial NMN products, capsules offering varying doses are typically found, ranging from 50 milligrams to 150 milligrams. However, some anti-ageing supplements present higher serving sizes, reaching as much as 500 milligrams per dose.
Potential concerns and adverse effects
NMN generally holds a reputation for being safe, with no significant adverse effects reported in human subjects. However, it is crucial to approach any new dietary supplement mindfully - particularly when dealing with a relatively recent addition to the market like NMN.
Long-term safety data on NMN remains limited, underscoring the importance of consulting a healthcare professional before incorporating it into any regimen. A 2021 study observed 30 participants taking 250 milligrams of NMN daily for 12 weeks and reported mild side effects, including abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, gas and upper respiratory issues.
FDA issues with NMN
In 2022, the FDA passed a significant ruling regarding NMN, categorising it as existing outside the dietary supplement category in the US. This decision followed Inner Mongolia Kingdomway Pharmaceutical Limited's submission of a new dietary ingredient (NDI) notification for NMN; NDIs are required when brands intend to market dietary supplements containing ingredients not previously marketed in the US before October 15, 1994.
The FDA's response clarified that dietary supplements should not include ingredients "authorised for investigation as a new drug" or those with "substantial clinical investigations that are publicly available." Since NMN was already under investigation as a new drug before it entered the dietary supplement market, the FDA excluded it from the dietary supplement category until further notice. Consequently, manufacturers marketing NMN products as supplements in the US are doing so unlawfully according to FDA regulations.
Safe dosage & natural methods of boosting NMN
In a recent research conducted this year, it was discovered that the daily ingestion of 900 milligrams of NMN orally is generally regarded as safe and is well-tolerated among adult individuals. Nevertheless, it is strongly recommended to seek guidance from a healthcare professional when determining the appropriate dosage. Various factors, such as an individual's body weight, dietary limitations, existing health conditions, and potential interactions with medications must be carefully considered when establishing an optimal NMN dosage.
Although NMN supplements are a viable option, incorporating NMN-rich foods into diets can potentially enhance NAD+ levels, including edamame, cucumbers, broccoli and avocados. Nevertheless, relying solely on dietary sources may not yield substantial effects due to the relatively low NMN levels present in these foodstuffs. Embracing a health-conscious lifestyle characterised by regular exercise and a balanced diet can also produce NAD+ within the body.
In conclusion
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has captured the attention of many individuals as a prospective anti-ageing supplement; nevertheless, its true effectiveness remains pending confirmation through comprehensive human trials. Although research endeavours continue, NMN appears to hold a pivotal role in the cellular processes of the body due to its contribution to NAD+ production.
Ultimately, it is imperative to approach NMN supplementation judiciously by seeking guidance from a healthcare professional to ascertain the appropriate dosage and its compatibility with existing health conditions and medications. Furthermore, adopting natural practices, such as maintaining a consistent exercise regimen and adhering to a well-balanced diet, can also aid in preserving healthy NAD+ levels as one advances in age. As the scientific community persists in uncovering the ambiguities surrounding NMN, forthcoming research may shed further light on its true potential.
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