Renal Cell Cancer
Renal Cell Cancer is a type of cancer in the kidney, which originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule. This tubule is a part of very small tubes in the kidney, which transport waste molecules from the blood into the urine. This type of cancer is an extremely common type of kidney cancer, accounting for almost 95% cases in adults.
It has also been termed as one of the deadliest of cancers, which affect the genitourinary tract. Its initial treatment includes either partial or complete removal of the affected kidney
Signs and symptoms
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) shows signs and symptoms, which include the following:
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Hypercalcemia
- Night sweats
- A left-sided varicocele, which occurs due to obstruction of the testicular vein
- Hypertension
- Malaise
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma includes the following lab studies:
- Urine analysis
- Electrolytes
- Renal profile
- Liver function tests
- Serum calcium
Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer, just like the name suggests, the cancer originates in one's bladder, which is a balloon-shaped organ in the pelvic area that stores urine. Most often, this cancer begins in the cells, which line the inside of the bladder. This type of cancer generally affects adults, although it has been known to occur at any age. The cells in the bladder begin to grow abnormally, which means that instead of growing and dividing in an orderly fashion, they develop mutations, which prevent them from dying. Ultimately, the abnormal cells form a tumour.
A majority of bladder cancers are easily diagnosed at an early stage, which is fortunately a stage when bladder cancer is highly treatable. But one should keep in mind that even early-stage bladder cancer is likely to recur. This is why bladder cancer survivors often have to undergo follow-up tests so that doctors can look out for bladder cancer recurrence even years after treatment.
The cause of bladder cancer is unknown, but it has been linked to smoking, radiation, a certain parasitic infection and chemical exposure.
When to see a doctor
Make an appointment with your doctor if you show signs like blood in your urine.
Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is a disease, which occurs when the testicular cells show abnormal growth in one or both the testicles. Much like bladder cancer, its cause it not known.
It is usually first detected by the patient via a lump or swelling in their testicle. Other signs and symptoms include testicular pain or enlargement, aches in the stomach, back, or groin, or the collection of fluid in the scrotum.
Its risk factors include un-descended testicle or testicles, congenital abnormalities like penile abnormalities, and a family history of testicular cancer. It is diagnosed with help from the patient's history as well as their physical tests, ultrasound and blood tests that help measure the testicular tumour markers. Biopsy of testicular tissue might also be done in some cases.
This cancer can easily be cured by surgery or radiation chemotherapy, the side effects of which may include infertility, and might also affect one's sexual functions.
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