Iron Infusion Side Effects: What You Need to Know

Iron infusions or intravenous (IV) iron supplementation is a treatment for iron-deficiency anemia (affecting 5 million adults in the U.S.A.) They can be the game-changer, offering a quick boost to your low iron levels. But, while iron infusions work wonders, they can also bring some side effects- from mild to severe effects. Understanding all the iron infusion side effects can help ensure you get the most out of the treatment. This blog will allow you to explore the surprising side effects that you need to be aware of. Also, we’ll discuss how to minimize the risk. Read on! 

Understanding the Key Iron Infusion Side Effects

According to one study, an iron infusion or intravenous (IV) iron therapy is much more effective and safe than oral iron therapy. However, it also comes with some potential side effects that you need to always watch for to prevent further complications.

Common Side Effects

1. Pain at the Injection Site:

• The most common effect that occurs at the infusion site along with warmth, swelling, and redness.

• This effect subsides after the complete infusion. Have pain medicine like acetaminophen or apply a cold compress.

2. Headaches:

• You may experience mild to moderate headaches.

• This side effect can be relieved with proper hydration and rest.

3. Dizziness or Lightheadedness:

• This side effect can occur during or after the iron infusion when the body responds to the sudden increased iron levels.

• Lie down and rest to ease dizziness.

4. Nausea:

• Nausea may occur during or right after the infusion.

• With prescribed anti-nausea medication, relief is possible.

5. Fatigue:

• Although iron infusion is given to fight off fatigue, you might feel more tired after the treatment as the body is adjusting to the rush of iron levels.

• Manage fatigue by avoiding strenuous activity, taking adequate rest, and drinking a lot of water.

6. Flushing or Warmth:

• You may experience a warm sensation, especially in the chest or face at the time of treatment.

• If this happens, stop immediately and then restart with slow administration.

Rare, but More Severe Side Effects

All these symptoms require immediate medical attention as they can cause severe complications or even fatal reactions.

1. Allergic Reactions:

You might experience an allergic reaction (in rare cases) and the symptoms include:

• Rash or itchiness

• Shortness of breath or trouble breathing

• Swelling in the face, throat, or lips

• Chest pain or tightness

2. Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure):

You may also notice a decrease in your blood pressure levels during or right after the iron infusion. Symptoms may include:

• Dizziness

• Fainting

• Feeling of weakness

Doctors can manage hypotension by adjusting the infusion rate or providing fluids.

3. Iron Overload:

Though rare, too much iron content can build up in the body, leading to iron overload. Symptoms of iron overload may include

• Joint pain

• Abdominal pain

• Fatigue

• Liver damage

Healthcare providers can prevent iron overload by monitoring the dosage of iron and the frequency of infusion.

4. Respiratory Distress:

In highly rare cases, intravenous (IV) iron supplementation can cause the following symptoms of respiratory distress:

• Difficulty breathing

• Coughing

• Wheezing

All these symptoms need immediate medical action. Call 911 (for emergency help) or 1-800-222-1222 (in case of iron overload). You can report adverse side effects to the FDA by contacting 1-800-FDA-1088.

How to Prepare for an Iron Infusion?

Here are the instructions you need to follow to prepare for an iron infusion:

• No need to fast; so you can eat your breakfast or lunch

• Have your regular medications

• Stay well hydrated

• Wear comfortable clothes, making your arm easily accessible for IV insertion.

• Discuss your medical history or allergies with your doctor.

• Be prepared to have a small IV drip put in your arm or hand

Precautions During and After an Iron Infusion

As iron infusions can contribute to some severe side effects, you need to be very cautious during and after taking this treatment:

• Inform Your Doctor: Discuss your medical history, current medications, allergies, and previous cases of iron reactions with your doctor.

• Monitor Your Reactions: Stay attentive for any discomfort signs such as trouble breathing, dizziness, or itchiness during and after the treatment.

• Avoid Iron Overload: Adhere to the schedule recommended by healthcare providers to avoid excessive buildup of iron in the body.

• Stay Hydrated: Drink a lot of water before as well as after the iron infusion as it helps lower dizziness risk.

• Take Rest: Make sure to rest for at least 24 hours after the treatment, particularly when you feel tired or lightheaded.

• Don't Practice Strenuous Activity: Avoid heavy exercise for at least 24-48 hours after the therapy as according to one finding, it can cause joint pain and stiffness.

• Report Concerns: Visit your doctor if you notice unusual symptoms such as swelling, chest pain, or difficulty breathing.

• Attend Follow-up Appointments: Follow up with your doctor to ensure the treatment is effective and no complications occur.

Following all these precautions along with doctors' advice can prevent the risk of side effects. 

What's Better: Iron Infusions or Iron Injection?

Both are effective for the treatment of iron deficiency, however, the choice depends on how fast you want to boost iron levels, tolerance to the administration approach, and the required iron amount. Discuss with your doctor which is the right option for your health needs.

Here you can understand the difference between iron infusion and iron injection:

When to Seek Medical Help?

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience the following symptoms:

• Tightness in the chest

• Difficulty breathing

• Severe allergic reactions

• Extreme dizziness or fainting

• Persistent pain

• Swelling at the infusion area

• Abdominal or joint pain

• Dark-colored urine 

Final Thoughts

Though effective and safe therapy, iron infusion side effects can be reported in some cases. Hence, everyone needs to be aware of the potential side effects such as pain, swelling, difficulty breathing, allergic reactions, low pressure, and so on. This can help with the timely management of the symptoms, providing incredible benefits of the treatment. But, remember to discuss your medicines, health history, and any pre-existing health issues with your doctor before planning the treatment. Moreover, always follow the doctor's instructions for a smooth and quick recovery.